1. 부정사의 명사적 용법

* 부정사의 용법

(1) 명사적 용법

To speak English is not difficult. <주어>

=It is not difficult to speak English. <진주어>

 

He hopes to go there. <목적어>

I found it easy to read the book. <진목적어>

(나는 그 책을 읽는 것이 쉽다는 것을 알았다.)

 

My hobby is to collect stamps. <보어>

To see is to believe. (보는 것은 믿는 것이다. / 백문불여일견(百聞不如一見))

 

A. Fill in each blank with a suitable word:

1. My ultimate goal is _______ become a great physicist. →to <보어>

ultimate 궁극적인

physics 물리학 / physicist 물리학자

cf. physician 내과 의사 ↔ surgeon 외과 의사

2. _____ read is _____ feed the mind, just as to eat is to feed the body.

→To, to

just as 마치 ~처럼

feed-fed-fed 먹이를 주다, 먹이다 / n. food 먹이, 음식

 

3. The company is seeking _______ increase its sales.

company 회사, 친구

seek-sought-sought 찾다

seek + to do: ~하려고 노력하다

=try + to do

increase 증가시키다, 증가하다 / increase n. 증가

↔ decrease 감소시키다, 감소하다 / decrease n. 감소

sell-sold-sold 팔다 →n. sale 판매

cf. for sale 파는 / 매물

on sale 세일 중인

 

4. _____ is not easy ______ finish the work in a week.

→It, to

 

5. You will find ______ difficult ______ read the novel. →it, to

cf. I think it easy to read the book.

novel 중․장편 소설

story 단편소설

fiction 소설

 

6. I don't know _____ to do next. →what

* 의문사 + to do =명사구

I don't know what to say.

=I don't know what I should say.

명사절

Can you tell me how to drive a car?

=Can you tell me how I should[can] drive a car?

7. I had no idea _____ one to choose. →which

=I had no idea which one I should choose.

have no idea =don't[doesn't] know 모른다

choose-chose-chosen 선택하다 →n. choice 선택

 

8. Would you care _____ leave a message? →to

=Will you leave a message?

=May I take your message?

* care + to do: ~하기를 좋아하다

care for + 명사: ~을 좋아하다, ~을 돌보다(=look after, take care of)

 

9. I know better than ______ do such a mean thing. →to

=I am not so foolish as to do such a mean thing.

=I am wise enough not to do such a mean thing.

* know better than + to do: ~할만큼 어리석지 않다, ~하지 않을 만큼 현명하다

mean a. 비열한 / mean-meant-meant 의미하다

 

10. He promised me ______ be here early in the morning. →to

→<복문> He promised me that he would be here early in the morning.

 

11. The doctor advised me ______ give up smoking. →to <형용사적 용법>

S V O O.C.

* to 부정사를 목적보어로 갖는 5형식 동사

(want, wish, expect, advise, order 명령하다, ask 요구하다, require 요 구하다, encourage 격려하다, persuade 설득하다, urge 촉구하다, teach) + 목적어 + to do

ex) He wants me to study hard.

 

12. He is going to teach me _______ drive this summer.→to <형용사적 용법>

13. There was nothing for it but ______ obey. →to

* There is nothing for it but + to do: ~하는 수밖에 없다

obey 복종하다 →n. obedience 복종

 

14. Nothing remains but ______ wait for him. →to

remain 남다, ~인 채로이다

but =except ~을 제외하고

cf. nothing but[except] =only 단지

 

15. He had no choice but ______ turn back. →to

* have no choice but + to do: ~하지 않을 수 없다

=cannot help + ~ing (help =avoid 피하다)

=cannot (help) but + do

=cannot choose but + do

=cannot keep[refrain] from + ~ing

ex) I could not help laughing at her.

=I had no choice but to laugh at her.

 

16. I was just about ______ leave when you phoned me. →to

* be about + to do: 막 ~하려는 참이다

=be on the point[verge, edge, brink] of ~ing

17. I can not afford ______ buy a new car on my salary. →to

* can[cannot] afford to + do: ~할 여유가 있다[없다]

 

18. To love and _________ is the greatest happiness on earth.

→to be loved

cf. to do and to do →단수취급

doing and doing →단수취급

<참고>

I asked him _____ help me with the work.

He promised me _____ be here at ten o'clock.

I learned how _____ measure the radius of a circle in math class.

She thought _____ was best not _____ make him angry.

I make ______ a rule _____ take a walk every morning.

The most important thing in life is never ______ be greedy.

The rumor turned out _____ be false.

 

 

B. Correct the errors in the following:

cf. correct 교정하다, 고치다 / a. correct 옳은, 정확한 ↔ incorrect 부정확한

err 잘못을 저지르다 →error 잘못, 오류

try 시도하다, 재판하다 →n. trial 시도, 재판

trial and error 시행착오

 

1. She says to make every effort.

→She says that she will make every effort.

cf. (say, know, believe, think) + to do (X)

make an effort 노력하다(=make efforts)

 

2. He said the statement to be true.

→He said that the statement was true.

cf. say + 목적어 + to do (X)

state 진술하다, 성명하다 →n. statement 진술, 성명

 

3. I think to go fishing with him.

→I think that I will go fishing with him.

 

4. I don't know to say what to you.

→I don't know what to say to you.

=I don't know what I should say to you.

 

5. He pretended to not see me.

→He pretended not to see me.

=He pretended that he didn't see me.

* pretend +to do: ~하는 체하다

=make believe + to do

※ 부정사의 부정: 부정사 앞에 not 또는 never

He decided not to go there.

Father told me not to tell a lie.

He studies hard not to fail.

 

6. I wanted you come into my library for a moment. →to come

cf. I wanted that you would come into... (X)

 

C. 작문연습

1. 이 강을 헤엄쳐 건너기는 힘들다.

2. 나는 좋은 영어 참고서 한 권을 사고 싶다.

3. 나의 취미는 모형 비행기를 만드는 것이다.

4. 돈을 어떻게 쓰느냐가 어떻게 버느냐보다 더 어렵다.

5. 나는 그에게 약속을 지키라고 충고했다.

 

p. 12.

1. If there is one thing that everybody wants to get, it is success. To be successful does not mean to get riches, honor and power. It is to achieve what one truly desires.

succeed 성공하다 / 계승하다, 잇다

→n. success 성공 / succession 계승, 연속

→a. successful 성공적인 / successive 연속적인

→ad. successfully 성공적으로 / successively 연속적으로 (=in succession)

rich 부유한 →n. riches 부 <복수취급>

honor 명예, 영예

achieve 성취하다 →n. achievement 성취

true 진실한 →ad. truly 진실로

desire 바라다

 

* 관계대명사 what: 선행사를 포함하여 명사절을 이끌며, ‘~한 것’이라 해석한다.

Do what is right. (옳은 것을 행하여라.)

This is what I want. (이것은 내가 원하는 것이다.)

=This is the thing which I want.

I am not what I was. (나는 과거의 내가 아니다.)

I cannot remember what my father said. (=that which)

He gave her what he had in his pocket. (=all that)

2. The end of study is not to possess knowledge as a man possesses the coin in his wallet, but to make knowledge a part of ourselves; that is, to turn knowledge into thought, as the food (which) we eat is turned into the life-giving and nerve-nourishing blood.

end 목적

possess 소유하다 →n. possession 소유(물)

that is (to say) 즉, 다시 말해서

=in other words 달리 말해서

=namely

=i.e.

turn A into B: A를 B로 바꾸다

know 알다 →n. knowledge cf. Knowledge is power. -Bacon-

/ou/ /a/

 

3. Spring is a delightful season. Everyone longs to get outside and enjoy the new season. Many people find it hard to concentrate on their work, and Americans jokingly refer to this condition as "spring fever."

 

4. If you really want to succeed in anything, you must make a good start. It is absolutely necessary to think over what to do first and what to do later, for without planning nothing is likely to happen as one hopes.

absolute 절대적인 ↔ relative 상대적인

cf. absolutism 절대주의 ↔ relativism 상대주의

think over 숙고하다

→what you should do first <명사절>

be likely + to do: ~할 것 같다

ex) He is likely to come here. <단문>

=It is likely that he will come here. <복문>

 

5. Intelligence means a way of living in various situations, particularly a way of behaving in new, perplexing ones. The true test of intelligence is not how much we know how to do, but how we behave when we do not know what to do.

 

intelligent 총명한, 지적인(=intellectual)

→n. intelligence 총명함, 지혜, 지능 cf. Intelligence Quotient 지능계수

perplex 당혹케 하다(=bewilder, embarrass)

→a. perplexing 난처한

behave 행동하다 →n. behavior 행동

test 시금석

not A but B: A가 아니라 B

 

6. If you look into space by using a telescope, it is possible to see the planet called Saturn and the rings that surround it, and with a very powerful one you can see the universe as it was billions of years ago.

 

<참고>

1. Don't speak when another is speaking. To do so is to commit one of the commonest and worst faults of manners.

 

2. To help a stranger find a street or a railway station, or to answer any questions that he may ask, is not only polite but also kind.

 

3. Just as it is impossible to see the shape of a wood, when you are journeying through the middle of it, it is really impossible for us to see what our own age is like.

 

별이 지는밤☆ s백설공주s 꼬망 구안디 내멋대로 해라 그린의 그림 마을 국화사랑 로스킨 건축과 도시생각 나무와 숲